Morfologi Perkara yang Berujung Bebas pada Tahap Persidangan: Analisis Set-Theoretic terhadap Berkas Penuntutan Jaksa

Althea Serafim  Kriswandaru; Joni Laksito

doi:10.51903/ctqws022

Authors

Althea Serafim Kriswandaru Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7955-2141
Joni Laksito Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51903/ctqws022

Keywords:

Case Morphology, Acquittal, Prosecutorial Case Construction, Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Causal Complexity

Abstract

Acquittal decisions in criminal proceedings are commonly associated with evidentiary insufficiency, yet such an explanation may overlook the configurational complexity underlying prosecutorial case construction. This study examines the morphology of criminal cases that culminate in acquittal by identifying configurations of evidentiary, testimonial, legal, and case-related conditions contained in prosecutorial case files. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the study analyzes 30 criminal cases consisting of 15 acquittals and 15 non-acquittals. Seven conditions are examined: evidentiary strength (EVI), witness consistency (WIT), expert support (EXP), fact–element congruence (ELE), case complexity (COM), indictment construction (IND), and defendant characteristics (DEF). The simulated analysis identifies four configurational pathways toward acquittal. The strongest pathway combines weak evidentiary strength, incongruence between facts and criminal elements, and weak indictment construction, while other pathways involve combinations of inconsistent testimony, limited expert support, case complexity, and evidentiary weakness. The findings demonstrate equifinality, indicating that acquittal may emerge through different causal recipes rather than a single determinant. The study contributes theoretically by conceptualizing case morphology as a configurational structure linking prosecutorial construction to adjudicative outcomes and methodologically by extending set-theoretic analysis to empirical examination of criminal case files. Practically, the findings support a pre-trial diagnostic approach that evaluates the coherence among evidence, facts, criminal elements, testimony, expert evidence, and indictment construction.

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