International Journal of Graphic Design (IJGD), to E-ISSN: 2987-9434; P-ISSN: 2988-0343, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the National Research and Innovation Center, Institute for Research and Community Service, University of Science and Computer Technology, Semarang, Indonesia. This journal focuses on the field of Visual Communication Design and serves as an open-access platform for disseminating research-based insights in both theoretical and practical domains. IJGD publishes original scholarly articles that explore diverse aspects of design, media, and visual culture—particularly in relation to digital aesthetics, interactive experiences, and technology-based visual communication. The scope includes arts, journalism, media, crafts, and contemporary design innovations. The journal welcomes submissions written only in English and maintains a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic quality and integrity. International Journal of Graphic Design (IJGD) is published biannually, in April and October.
University of Science and Computer Technology
Trust-Calibrated Multilingual RAG for Humanitarian Information Platforms: Empirical Evaluation on OMoS-QA for Migration Information Access
Humanitarian information platforms increasingly serve migrants, refugees, and crisis-affected users who need correct answers about housing, schooling, legal procedures, benefits, health, and emergency services. In this setting, a wrong answer is more harmful than a missing answer, so multilingual question-answering systems must not only retrieve and summarize relevant content but also calibrate when to answer, when to abstain, and how to communicate uncertainty to the user. This paper develops a trust-calibrated multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) design for humanitarian information platforms and evaluates it on the public OMoS-QA benchmark for migration information access. The study combines two empirical layers. First, we run a direct page-retrieval evaluation over the full public corpus and compare BM25, word-level TF-IDF, character-level TF-IDF, and a lexical-character hybrid retriever. Second, we reanalyze the officially scored benchmark outputs released with OMoS-QA for sentence-level answer extraction, question-level no-answer detection, multilingual transfer, and cross-language transfer. All numerical results are empirically measured; no illustrative placeholders are used. The hybrid retriever reaches 69.4% recall at rank 1, 82.6% at rank 3, and 86.1% at rank 5, outperforming the sparse baselines. On same-language answer extraction, DeBERTa achieves the strongest balanced F1 (62.5 German, 64.9 English), while Llama-3-70B and GPT-3.5-Turbo obtain the strongest no-answer detection results. Explicit answerability prompting raises Llama-3-70B recall on unanswerable questions to 83.6% in German and 78.2% in English. Multilingual experiments show moderate degradation for French and larger losses for Arabic and Ukrainian, while cross-language transfer remains surprisingly robust. Based on these findings, the paper formulates a design contribution for graphic and interaction design: a trust-calibrated evidence-card pattern that combines evidence highlighting, citation links, uncertainty cues, and escalation to human support. The result is a benchmark-grounded interface logic for safer public-interest LLM applications rather than a user-validated final interface.
Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Copyright (c) 2026 Yushan Chen, Haosen Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Simulating Sustainable Color-Form Decisions in AI-Driven Eco-Brand Identity Design
Integrating sustainability into brand identity design remains challenging, as the harmony between visual aesthetics, primarily color and shape, and eco-branding values often relies on subjective judgment, highlighting a lack of data-driven approaches. While AI-assisted design tools have demonstrated utility, their primary focus remains on aesthetic generation rather than sustainable design optimization. This research addresses this gap by proposing a simulation-based framework that, through simulation and expert review, examines and evaluates how AI-assisted color-form choices influence both aesthetic consistency and ecological brand alignment. Using synthetic data and scenario modeling, we created a simulation that analyzes color and form parameters against sustainability indicators across three scenarios: Aesthetic-only, Sustainability-only, and an Integrated Eco-Aesthetic approach. Eco-Alignment was computed using cosine similarity of semantic embeddings across 50 simulation runs for each scenario, providing a quantifiable measure of semantic consistency with eco-brand values. The results indicate that the integrated approach outperformed single-focus scenarios in balancing aesthetic harmony and eco-alignment. At the same time, the Color-Form Sustainability Matrix identified specific combinations, such as earthy tones paired with organic shapes, that achieved the highest Eco-Alignment Scores. This study contributes methodologically by linking computational aesthetics with sustainable design through structured simulation, offering designers an evidence-informed framework for making visual decisions that support environmental ethos and reduce resource-intensive trial-and-error design processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sofia Elena, Liam Alexander https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Human-AI Collaborative Adaptive Typeface Generation: Eye-Tracking Fixation Metrics in Instagram Branding
Integrating artificial intelligence into typographic design opens new opportunities for social media branding, especially on visually intensive platforms like Instagram. This study investigates how typefaces developed in collaboration with AI may influence visual engagement metrics. We designed an assessment framework that couples collaborative typeface generation with simulated eye-tracking analysis. Three adaptation scenarios were evaluated: static, semi-adaptive, and fully adaptive typefaces, based on fixation duration, fixation count, and heatmap visualization. Interestingly, when analyzing the simulation results, a pattern emerged: the typefaces generated through iterative human-AI processes tended to attract longer, more frequent visual fixations. These preliminary results thus point to the potential value of collaborative approaches to typographic design in social media contexts. The present study provides a methodological framework to assess AI-assisted visual assets using human attention metrics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oliver Henry, Mia Charlotte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Adaptive Graphic Interaction Model: A Mixed-Method Framework for Future Factory Design
This study investigates the role of visual interfaces in enhancing human-machine interaction in high-tech factory environments. The research focuses on the Adaptive Graphical Interaction Model (AGIM), which integrates graphic design principles with adaptive visual interactions to support context-sensitive user tasks. A mixed-methods approach was employed: domain specialists were interviewed, and experimental lab tests of prototype interfaces were conducted to measure user experience, cognitive load, and visual usability. Quantitative metrics from UX tools and qualitative coding of observed behavior were used to assess performance under different simulated operating conditions. Results indicate that AGIM reduces cognitive load by 18% on average and improves task efficiency by 12% compared to static interfaces, supporting the practical effectiveness of adaptive visual systems. The findings also suggest that context-sensitive graphical adaptations enhance intuitive navigation and user engagement. Overall, AGIM provides both conceptual guidance for interface design and practical applications for engineers and designers aiming to develop adaptive, context-aware visual systems in industrial settings. The study is framed as an exploratory design investigation, highlighting potential rather than asserting definitive claims.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Mendez, Samuel Okafor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Designing with the Brain in Mind: A Neuroaesthetic Pedagogy Framework
Contemporary graphic design education necessitates a deeper understanding of how aesthetic experience and cognitive processes shape creativity and empathetic comprehension in visual communication. Insights into how the brain perceptually and affectively interprets design can support the development of self-aware designers who respond more sensitively to human needs. Drawing on neuroaesthetics and design cognition, this study proposes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates creative pedagogy with the science of perception. This research introduces the Neuroaesthetic Pedagogy Framework (NPF) as an initial, exploratory framework that connects neurodesign principles with pedagogies of visual empathy and adopts an exploratory design-based research (DBR) methodology. Three iterative cycles were conducted as context-specific pedagogical interventions within a graphic design course, involving teaching experiments, reflective journals, and analyses of neuroaesthetic engagement. Thirty-eight undergraduate graphic design students participated over one semester, with observations focusing on cognitive and affective engagement in visual problem-solving activities. The findings suggest observable improvements in design cognition, particularly in visual reasoning and empathic decision-making, rather than statistically conclusive effects. The NPF indicates the potential to interconnect analytical and affective cognitive processes, supporting more emotionally informed design outcomes. This study concludes that the NPF demonstrates promise in bridging graphic design education and neuroscience by framing creative learning as an iterative process of aligning perception, cognition, and empathy, while highlighting the emerging importance of neuroaesthetic literacy in graphic design pedagogy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Fernández, Petra Nováková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Points to Insight: Gamifying Reflective Thinking in Design Education
Reflective practice in design education is often marginalized as a post-hoc evaluative task rather than conceptualized as a central creative and epistemic process. In this study, reflective practice is reconceptualized as a gamified learning framework that fosters metacognition, visual empathy, and self-awareness through interactive design strategies. The primary objective was to examine the extent to which gamification elements, including feedback cycles, progress visualization, and reward structures, enhance concept retention, reflective insight, and comprehension of design processes among 36 undergraduate graphic design students. Using a mixed-methods, design-based research approach, data were collected across three iterative learning cycles through digital activity logs, reflective journals, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis using paired-sample t-tests revealed a statistically significant 18% improvement in reflective accuracy and a 20% increase in conceptual retention (p < 0.05) following the implementation of gamified reflective activities. Platform analytics further indicated a 92% task completion rate, suggesting increased learner engagement associated with visual feedback and reward mechanisms. Qualitative thematic analysis identified three interrelated dimensions of reflective learning: emotional resonance, sensory awareness, and social connectedness, highlighting the multidimensional nature of reflection in gamified environments. Overall, the findings suggest that gamified reflection can support more active and emotionally engaging learning processes, positioning reflective practice as a form of “learning through play” and offering a pedagogical framework to enhance empathy, self-awareness, and reflective thinking in visual design education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oskar Larsen, Aisha Al-Farsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI-Assisted Mood Board Development: Enhancing Creative Ideation in Graphic Design Education
This study examines how integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into mood board development enhances the ideation process in graphic design education. The research aimed to understand how AI-supported visual exploration influences students’ originality, complexity, and goal alignment during creative concept development. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative rubric-based evaluation of student mood boards with qualitative thematic analysis of interviews and classroom observations to capture both performance outcomes and design thinking processes. The findings show that AI tools expanded visual exploration and improved conceptual clarity, yet their effectiveness depended on how critically students engaged with prompt iteration and keyword synthesis. Students who refined descriptive keywords and combined AI outputs with digital imaging achieved higher originality and coherence. Complexity increased when students generated multiple AI iterations from different visual angles, whereas goal alignment benefited from structured mind mapping informed by tone and manner. Qualitative results revealed six interrelated themes: idea exploration, AI assistance, visual curation, AI limitations, ethics and reflection, and implementation recommendations, highlighting the interplay between human judgment and computational generation. Overall, the study affirms that mood board development remains essential in guiding conceptual direction and visual storytelling in design education. AI serves as a creative collaborator that supports deeper ideation and expands the boundaries of visual experimentation in contemporary design learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Anggarini, Rachmadita Dwi Pramesti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Circular Interior Design Strategies For Adaptive Reuse: Enhancing Eco-Conscious Practices In Contemporary Workspace Environments
The urgency of ecological sustainability in contemporary interior architecture has intensified due to global environmental challenges and resource depletion. Workspaces significantly contribute to energy consumption, carbon emissions, and material waste, requiring a shift from linear consumption to regenerative, circular practices. This study introduces a Circular Interior Design Strategies Framework that extends beyond conventional certifications (e.g., LEED, BREEAM) by integrating four interdependent pillars: material recirculation, modular adaptability, biophilic integration, and lifecycle-driven decision-making. A qualitative descriptive methodology combining systematic literature review, case-study analysis, and expert validation was employed. Findings demonstrate that adaptive reuse can reduce embodied carbon by 40–70 percent while preserving cultural identity and spatial integrity. The proposed framework clarifies how interior design operationalizes circular economy principles at the design stage rather than post-construction assessment. This study provides a structured framework for designers and policymakers to implement circular strategies effectively, positioning interior design as a proactive agent in sustainable workplace transformation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Go eun Myeong, Song Mi Rae, Han Jang il, Choi Jung Seob https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Vertical Social Infrastructures: Redefining Community Interaction In High-Rise Urban Housing
This study examines how graphic design functions as a social infrastructure within high-rise urban housing, shaping interactions, identity, and collective well-being. Urbanization has driven vertical expansion, creating new spatial and social challenges that affect community cohesion. While existing research in architecture and urban sociology has focused on spatial design and technological efficiency, this study highlights the overlooked role of visual communication as an active mediator of social relations. The research introduces the concept of Vertical Social Infrastructures, which reframes high-rise housing as a visual–social system rather than merely a physical structure. Using comparative analysis, the study explores how graphic elements, color, signage, murals, and typography can guide interaction and create shared narratives in dense residential settings. The study explicitly contributes to the field of graphic design by demonstrating how visual communication — including color, signage, murals, and typography — mediates social interaction and spatial behavior in vertical housing environments. This connection reinforces the journal’s focus on the intersections between design, media, and society, positioning graphic design as both an analytical and infrastructural framework for community engagement. The findings demonstrate that graphic design serves as a connective infrastructure, enhancing spatial legibility and fostering social engagement. By integrating theories from design studies, social infrastructure, and urban communication, this paper contributes a cross-disciplinary framework for understanding design as a medium of social sustainability. The results suggest that visual design strategies can transform vertical housing into inclusive, participatory, and emotionally resonant environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zuzana Zuzana, Štrochová Štrochová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Multisensory Interior Design Interventions To Reduce Stress In High-Intensity Healthcare Settings
The growing global emphasis on patient-centered care highlights a persistent gap in healthcare design: clinical environments often remain sterile and stress-inducing, undermining psychological recovery. This study introduces a human-centered, multisensory interior design framework that integrates sensory experience as a therapeutic variable rather than an aesthetic supplement. Unlike previous evidence-based or biophilic design studies that examine isolated sensory factors, this research validates an integrated multisensory model through mixed-method investigation. The study combines a systematic literature review, expert consultations with architects, designers, and healthcare professionals, and a quasi-experimental case study across three hospital wards implementing sensory-based interventions. Findings indicate that deliberately orchestrating visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory stimuli significantly reduces patient anxiety, enhances perceived comfort, and improves staff well-being. Statistical results (paired t-tests and ANOVA) corroborate these effects, with measurable physiological and perceptual outcomes. The proposed framework translates these insights into actionable design strategies that align aesthetics with therapeutic evidence. This research advances interior architecture scholarship by bridging neuroscience, environmental psychology, and design practice, positioning multisensory design as a restorative paradigm for future healthcare environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kamel, Sellaoui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Trends And Research Directions In Graphic Design For Social Values And Cultural Identity: A Systematic Literature Review
The dynamic development of graphic design has increasingly intersected with social values and cultural identity, reflecting how visual communication can both shape and preserve collective meaning. Despite its growing relevance, research on this intersection often appears fragmented across disciplines, leaving a need for integrative insights. This study aims to systematically review existing literature to map key trends and highlight future research opportunities in graphic design for social values and cultural identity. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, with the PCC model (Population, Concept, Context) as the guiding framework for formulating the research question and structuring the search strategy. Publications were identified from Scopus, Web of Science, and other peer-reviewed databases, then filtered through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria before undergoing qualitative thematic synthesis. The review identifies four dominant themes: the role of design in cultural preservation, visual strategies for social advocacy, the integration of digital media in identity representation, and participatory approaches involving communities. Findings also indicate a shift from traditional aesthetic perspectives toward interdisciplinary practices that combine design, technology, and social sciences. This synthesis underscores the importance of positioning graphic design not only as an artistic practice but also as a cultural and social agent. The study concludes by outlining a future research agenda that integrates critical theory, participatory design, and digital innovation to advance graphic design’s contribution to cultural identity and social transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ereso Nagi, Mariam Nathalea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technological Trends In Digital And Interactive Media For Heritage Design: A Systematic Literature Review
The rapid evolution of digital and interactive media has transformed approaches to heritage design, enabling new ways to preserve, interpret, and engage with cultural assets. This study systematically reviews technological trends in digital and interactive media that support heritage design, emphasizing their implications for graphic design, digital humanities, and cultural communication. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, supported by PICOS and SPIDER frameworks to ensure methodological rigor and transparency. Relevant studies were retrieved from leading academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore, with inclusion and exclusion criteria based on publication type, relevance, and thematic alignment. An initial pool of 87 records was identified, from which 40 studies were finally included after applying quality and eligibility screening. The synthesis identifies five dominant technological directions: immersive technologies (virtual and augmented reality), interactive installations, gamification, artificial intelligence-driven visualization, and participatory digital platforms. These approaches illustrate how heritage design is evolving from static documentation toward dynamic, user-centered, and interdisciplinary experiences. The findings also highlight challenges in accessibility, cultural sensitivity, and sustainable technological integration. Compared with previous reviews in digital heritage and media studies, this work contributes a more design-centered perspective by mapping the convergence between interactive engagement and computational innovation. The study’s novelty lies in its interdisciplinary synthesis that connects visual communication theory with technological practices, offering a conceptual foundation for future research in digital heritage design. Overall, this review clarifies current research trajectories, identifies underexplored gaps, and proposes directions for advancing inclusive and culturally responsive design strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eizaveta Yvier, Tsokur Eizstvkov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reframing Sustainability: Visual Rhetoric Of Eco-Influencers In Instagram Reels Campaigns
Recent shifts in digital communication have transformed how sustainability is visually framed and communicated to the public. Rather than relying on traditional environmental campaigns, eco-influencers now use short-form video content on platforms like Instagram Reels to convey persuasive sustainability narratives. This study explores how visual rhetoric operates in these Reels-based campaigns to shape audience perceptions of environmental responsibility. Employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates semiotic analysis with audience reception research, this paper analyzes selected Instagram Reels produced by prominent Southeast Asian eco-influencers. The study identifies recurring patterns in visual symbolism, aesthetic presentation, and narrative framing that enhance the persuasive impact of these videos. Key semiotic elements such as symbolic color palettes, natural imagery, and expressive gestures were found to heighten emotional engagement and clarity of message. Findings from the audience survey reveal that viewers respond more positively to sustainability messages presented through authentic, aspirational storytelling rather than overtly moralistic appeals. This study is among the first to examine eco-influencers’ short-form video rhetoric within Southeast Asian cultural contexts, addressing a gap in current green marketing and visual communication literature. By focusing on the intersection of visual persuasion, influencer marketing, and short-form digital content, the research contributes a design-oriented perspective to environmental communication studies. It positions eco-influencers as visual rhetoricians who transform sustainability into an experiential, algorithm-driven form of digital storytelling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayla Anialasalam, Yildirim Yousef, Indira Agustianingrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Designing Emotionally Adaptive Interfaces: Affective Ux Model For Enhancing Engagement In Gamified Learning Apps
In the digital learning era, user engagement is shaped not only by functionality and aesthetics but also by how interfaces adapt to users’ emotional experiences. While gamified learning environments have become common, few designs systematically integrate affective computing principles to support real-time emotional adaptation. This study proposes an Affective UX Model that combines affective computing with user experience (UX) design to enhance emotional engagement in gamified educational interfaces. The research aims to explore how emotionally adaptive features can be designed, implemented, and evaluated within a learning context. Using a user-centered design (UCD) approach, the study employed mixed methods, including visual storytelling, interactive prototyping, and affective mapping via self-report measures and biometric tracking (facial expressions and heart rate variability). A gamified language-learning prototype was tested with 30 adolescent participants (aged 15–18) through usability and emotional response evaluations. Results show that empathetic avatars, responsive feedback, and adaptive difficulty adjustments significantly increased motivation, engagement, and emotional comfort. Participants reported a stronger sense of connection when system feedback matched their affective State and performance. The study contributes a validated conceptual framework for designing emotionally intelligent, human-centered educational interfaces, emphasizing how affective adaptivity enhances the quality of user experience and learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate that dynamic emotional adaptation can redefine engagement and inform future directions in emotionally responsive design research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adjeng Rahayu Dinata, Firli Hardiansyah, Juita Fitriana Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Personalization and Brand Visibility: A Key to Enhancing Customer Satisfaction in E-commerce
E-commerce has transformed consumer behavior by offering convenience, speed, and variety. In this evolving landscape, personalization and brand visibility have become essential strategies for businesses seeking to enhance customer satisfaction. This study investigates how these two factors influence customer satisfaction in the Indonesian e-commerce sector. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research combines quantitative data from 400 online shoppers with qualitative insights from 20 in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), while thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data to extract key patterns and experiences. The findings confirm that personalization—through tailored recommendations, customized interfaces, and targeted communications—positively affects customer satisfaction by increasing perceived relevance and engagement. Similarly, brand visibility—measured by the frequency and consistency of brand exposure across digital platforms—enhances trust and purchase intent. Notably, the study identifies a synergistic effect when personalization and brand visibility are integrated, resulting in up to a 40% increase in satisfaction scores compared to when these strategies are applied individually. Despite these positive outcomes, the study also highlights challenges, including privacy concerns, data management complexity, and market-specific limitations. This research contributes to digital marketing literature by offering a holistic understanding of how personalization and visibility jointly shape customer experiences. The findings provide practical implications for e-commerce businesses aiming to build loyalty and competitive advantage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ika Adi Ariani, Fachrur Rozi, Amin Muhammad, Eka Dwi Safitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI-Augmented Branding: Exploring The Impact Of Generative Design Tools On Visual Identity Development In The Creative Industry
This study explores how generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the way visual designers and educators work and think. With tools like Midjourney, Adobe Firefly, and DALL·E becoming more widely used, creative processes are evolving—raising new questions about who creates, what counts as original, and how creative labor is valued. Through a qualitative approach, this research draws on interviews and document analysis involving professional designers and design educators in Indonesia. The findings reveal a complex landscape: generative AI opens up new space for experimentation, speeds up workflows, and helps spark ideas. At the same time, it brings challenges—ethical concerns, growing reliance on automation, and the risk of losing touch with foundational design skills. In the classroom, AI is both a disruption and an opportunity, pushing educators to rethink traditional studio methods while also offering fresh ways to build curricula. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering critical awareness in using AI, developing ethical guidelines for creative work, and adapting educational strategies to keep pace with technological change. By shedding light on how generative AI is influencing visual design, this research contributes to broader conversations about creativity, authorship, and innovation in today’s digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhewani Indrawati, Nadya Ahla Amanina, Laila Maulida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Graphic Design in Sustainable Marketing Amidst Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review
The evolution of digital technology has significantly transformed marketing paradigms, emphasizing the importance of sustainability in business strategies. In this context, graphic design plays a critical role in conveying sustainability messages visually, resonating with increasingly environmentally conscious consumers. However, the fragmented understanding of graphic design's role in sustainable marketing within the broader ecosystem of digital transformation necessitates systematic exploration. This research aims to systematically evaluate the role of graphic design in supporting sustainable marketing strategies amidst digital transformation. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the study analyzed 15 academic sources published between 2018 and 2024. The research focuses on identifying the most effective graphic design elements in communicating sustainability values, such as color schemes, typography, and eco-centric iconography, and their impact on consumer perceptions. The findings highlight that visual elements like green hues, minimalist typography, and nature-inspired icons significantly enhance brand equity and customer loyalty. Additionally, digital platforms, particularly social media, offer vast opportunities for disseminating visually impactful sustainability messages, fostering deeper consumer engagement. Despite these opportunities, challenges such as greenwashing and technological limitations remain critical barriers. The study concludes by proposing an integrated framework for leveraging graphic design to strengthen sustainable marketing strategies in the digital era. This research contributes to academic discourse by providing holistic insights into the intersection of graphic design, sustainability, and digital transformation. It also offers practical implications for businesses to enhance their communication strategies, ensuring authenticity and effectiveness in promoting sustainability values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrina Salsabila, Muhammad Fhatih, Mutiara Agustin, Muhammad Kanda Mufid, Adelia Chairunnisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of AI Technology on Content Creation Efficiency and Creativity: A Mixed-Methods Analysis in Digital Media Industry
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed digital content creation, particularly in enhancing efficiency and supporting creativity. This study investigates the impact of AI technologies, such as GPT-4, DALL·E, and Synthesia, on the efficiency and creativity of professionals in the digital media industry. Using a mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative surveys from 300 content creators with in-depth interviews of 20 industry experts to assess how AI tools influence productivity, originality, and user satisfaction. This study adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, where quantitative survey findings guide the development of qualitative interview themes. The integration occurs during the interpretation stage, allowing for triangulation that connects statistical trends in AI use (e.g., increased efficiency and creativity) with deeper contextual insights from professionals’ lived experiences, ethical reflections, and design adaptations. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were processed using thematic analysis. The results reveal that AI integration reduces average content production time by 45%, significantly enhancing workflow speed in graphic design, writing, and video editing. Additionally, 72% of respondents reported that AI assists in creative idea exploration, while 28% expressed concerns about diminished originality. Regression analysis indicates a positive correlation between AI usage intensity and perceived creativity, suggesting AI enhances, but does not replace, human innovation. This study contributes to the growing discourse on AI in creative industries by offering empirical insights into its dual role as both a productivity booster and a creative assistant. It underscores the importance of positioning AI as a collaborative tool that complements rather than supplants human creativity. The findings offer implications for designers, developers, and policymakers in fostering ethical, inclusive, and human-centered AI integration in content creation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akshaj Kilewala, Bharat Manoj, Ayushi Rawat, Ashwini Parihar, Laura Rejo, Prabhat Paswan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Critical Speculations In AI Design: Ethical Narratives And Visual Experiments In Post-Human Aesthetic Practices
The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into design practice presents both opportunities and ethical dilemmas, particularly within the expanding field of speculative design. Current design discourses often emphasize utility and innovation while overlooking the complex ethical narratives and aesthetic shifts emerging in post-human interactions. This study aims to explore how speculative design can utilize AI not merely as a tool, but as a collaborator in reimagining human-machine relationships through visual and conceptual experimentation. Employing a qualitative visual methodology that combines experimental design practices, critical design theory, and post-human ethics, the research analyzes a series of AI-generated visual experiments that interrogate identity, agency, and authorship. Key findings reveal that AI-driven speculative visuals challenge anthropocentric norms, foster ethical ambiguity, and introduce new aesthetic vocabularies that disrupt conventional design logic. The output includes a set of visual compositions that function as critical artefacts, questioning the future of design ethics and post-human subjectivity. This study concludes that integrating AI into speculative design opens space for designers to act not as problem-solvers but as ethical provocateurs, expanding the boundaries of visual culture and design agency in an era of machine intelligence. These findings contribute to ongoing debates in design theory and offer conceptual and methodological tools for rethinking ethical frameworks in contemporary visual practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sugiarto Sugiarto, Marufa Sultana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural Code In Motion: Animating Indigenous Design Patterns For Contemporary Digital Storytelling
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the integration of digital technologies in education, reshaping how students learn and engage in secondary school settings. This study investigates the influence of digital mindset on student resilience and learning motivation in post-pandemic Indonesian secondary schools. The primary aim is to examine whether students who demonstrate adaptability, openness to change, and confidence in using technology are better equipped to stay motivated and resilient in digitally mediated learning environments. Using a quantitative research design, the study employed a survey method involving 110 secondary school students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques to assess the relationships among the key variables. The findings reveal that digital mindset has a significant and positive impact on both student resilience and learning motivation. Students with stronger digital mindsets are more capable of adapting to challenges, maintaining focus, and demonstrating initiative in their learning processes. They also exhibit greater emotional regulation and perseverance in the face of academic setbacks. This study concludes that developing a digital mindset is essential for fostering student adaptability, engagement, and psychological well-being in contemporary education. The results highlight the importance of integrating digital mindset development into school curricula and teaching practices to build resilient, future-ready learners in an era of rapid technological change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vika Indah Lestari, Naila Adhiva Maharani, Anggi Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Biophilic, Ethical, and Low-Carbon Design Integration in Visual Communication for Social Media Campaigns
This study aims to develop an integrative model that unites biophilic aesthetics, ethical storytelling, and low-carbon design strategies into a single sustainable framework for digital communication. Using a qualitative multi-case approach, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with six expert designers and content analysis of ten social media campaigns selected for their ecological or ethical orientation. The analysis applied thematic coding and visual evaluation to identify recurring patterns and design challenges. Findings show that while nature-inspired and ethically grounded visuals are increasingly employed to foster emotional connection and inclusivity, explicit low-carbon design practices remain rare due to limited awareness and measurement tools. The study introduces a practical framework linking environmental psychology, design ethics, and digital sustainability. Its novelty lies in demonstrating that aesthetic engagement and ecological responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Park Soo Jin, Jeong Ji Eun, Seo Kang Ho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Static To Sentient: Designing Emotionally Responsive Interfaces Using Affective Computing For UX Enhancement
Abstract This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative and affective computing, into user experience (UX) and creative industry workflows. It investigates how recent advancements in multimodal AI, user interface (UI) design, and emotion recognition can enhance personalization, user satisfaction, and design efficiency. Drawing from cross-disciplinary literature, the paper highlights the transformative potential of tools such as DALL·E, Midjourney, and Adobe Firefly in supporting ideation and prototyping, while also addressing concerns about emotional authenticity, ethical transparency, and cultural sensitivity. Findings suggest that AI-driven UX innovations must be grounded in human-centered design to retain user agency and trust, especially in emotionally sensitive contexts. The study emphasizes the role of affective computing in enabling adaptive digital environments through real-time emotion recognition. However, limitations related to the generalizability of findings, lack of empirical testing, and rapid technological evolution are acknowledged. Future research directions include empirical validation of AI-UX frameworks, cross-cultural testing, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure ethical, inclusive, and emotionally intelligent design systems. Overall, the study contributes to a growing discourse on the responsible integration of AI in UX, proposing that technology should act as a co-creative partner rather than a replacement for human creativity and empathy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dedy Prasetya, Ika Inayati Budi Utami, Silvi Pertiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sustainable Storytelling in Digital Climate Campaigns: A Comparative Analysis of Visual Communication Strategies
Climate change requires urgent and strategic communication efforts to inspire public awareness and behavioral change. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of three visual storytelling strategies—data visualization, interactive infographics, and narrative illustration—on digital platforms in shaping public comprehension, emotional response, and behavioral intention regarding climate change. A pretest-posttest control group experiment was conducted involving 120 participants aged 18–35, randomly divided into four groups. Each experimental group was exposed to one of the three visual strategies, while the control group received text-based narratives. Measurement instruments included a 10-item comprehension test, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and a behavioral intention scale. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test revealed significant differences (p < 0.01) among the groups. Interactive infographics consistently produced the highest gains in comprehension (+3.1), positive emotional response (+2.7), and behavioral intention (+3.4), followed by narrative illustrations. Data visualizations were most effective for cognitive understanding but less emotionally engaging. The findings support the Elaboration Likelihood Model by highlighting how different visual modalities engage both rational and affective pathways. This study contributes theoretically to affective computing and practically to climate communication design by recommending visual strategies tailored to maximize public engagement and sustainability impact. Future studies are encouraged to explore longitudinal effects and cultural contexts in environmental storytelling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jang Han Gyeol, Song Ji Ho, Song Jin Woo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ethical AI in the Metaverse: A Mixed-Methods Study on Design Innovation, Social Implications, and Fairness Challenges
The rapid evolution of the metaverse has transformed virtual environments into dynamic and immersive spaces, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) playing a pivotal role in this transformation. However, despite AI’s contributions to design innovation, significant concerns remain regarding ethical, social, and technical challenges. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of AI in enhancing design innovations within the metaverse, while addressing issues of algorithmic bias, data privacy, and social inclusivity. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis of over 500,000 user interaction datasets from leading metaverse platforms—Decentraland, Roblox, and Meta Horizon—with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews involving AI developers and UX/UI designers. Statistical analyses, including regression and clustering techniques, alongside thematic analysis, reveal that AI significantly enhances user engagement by improving avatar personalization and adaptive virtual environments. However, findings also highlight persistent risks such as biased algorithmic decisions, lack of transparency, and privacy vulnerabilities, which may hinder equitable participation in virtual spaces. The study further proposes and implements an AI model grounded in Human-Computer Interaction principles and fairness-aware machine learning to mitigate these issues. Results demonstrate improved user satisfaction, inclusivity, and social interaction quality. This research offers critical implications for developers, policymakers, and stakeholders, emphasizing the need for ethical AI governance and inclusive design frameworks in metaverse ecosystems. By bridging technological advancements with social responsibility, the study contributes to the development of a sustainable and equitable metaverse future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kim In-Hwa, Park Song-Il, Im Ha Na, Kim Ahn Young, Kim Young Chul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Surveying the Impact of Rarely Investigated Design Components on User Engagement
The rise of social media has transformed digital interaction, making user engagement a critical metric for platform success. While much research has examined conventional design elements such as layout and typography, the influence of rarely studied micro-design components remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of micro-interactions, transition effects, and haptic feedback on user engagement. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 400 active social media users who spend at least five hours weekly on digital platforms. The research employed a Likert-scale questionnaire combined with platform analytics to assess perceived usability and actual behavioral metrics. Results show that 73.5% of respondents experienced increased engagement through micro-interactions, while 68.2% found transition effects beneficial for smoother navigation. Although haptic feedback received less preference (56.8%), it enhanced multisensory interaction, especially among mobile users. Statistically, these components contributed to a 15.8% increase in session duration and significant improvements in engagement metrics—likes (25.4%), comments (47.6%), and content shares (66.7%). Regression and factor analysis confirmed the positive influence of all three design variables. This study contributes to the field of UI/UX by highlighting how overlooked micro-design elements can shape user behavior and improve platform interaction quality. The findings offer practical guidance for designers and developers to enhance user experience through subtle yet impactful interface innovations. Future research should explore adaptive and AI-driven design features to further personalize digital engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Konudula Naga Saranya, Moksha Bhandari, Neel Borad, Pollaggari Vamshi Pavan Reddy, Santosh Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Evolving Field of Graphic Design: Challenges and Opportunities in the Integration of Artificial Intelligence
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the landscape of graphic design, shifting the designer’s role from sole creator to visual curator and co-creator. While AI tools such as Midjourney and Adobe Firefly offer speed and efficiency in ideation and iteration, they also raise critical concerns regarding authorship, originality, and the redefinition of creative identity. This research seeks to investigate how professional Indonesian graphic designers view and adjust to the incorporation of AI in their creative processes. Using an interpretative phenomenological method, this study explores the lived experiences of ten designers from diverse professional backgrounds who actively integrate AI into their design practices. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. The results indicate five main aspects: changing job roles, conflicts between creativity and automation, adaptive learning approaches, ethical and professional challenges, and chances for improved design efficiency. Participants recognized that although AI enhances the creative process, it frequently tests their feeling of artistic control and prompts inquiries regarding the legitimacy of outcomes produced with AI assistance. Additionally, ethical issues like plagiarism and uncertainties around copyright surfaced as major concerns. This research adds to the discussion on digital design by emphasizing local perspectives in a worldwide technological transformation, illustrating how cultural and professional values influence the adaptation process. The findings provide important insights for educators, practitioners, and policymakers who seek to promote ethical, culturally aware, and critically reflective AI implementation in the creative sectors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanni Fadhilatul Rosyida, Ahmad Syafei, Muhammad Ulin Nuha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Generative AI and ChatGPT in Design Education: Impacts on Critical Thinking Development
The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI), and more particularly ChatGPT, into design education has brought about opportunities and challenges in developing critical thinking among students. As the design discipline increasingly intersects with emerging technologies, educators must take into account the implications of AI-powered tools on cultivating essential cognitive skills. The aim of this study is to investigate the implications of generative AI and ChatGPT on the critical thinking of design students in educational contexts. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from pre- and post-intervention surveys with qualitative data from reflective diaries and focus group discussions. The subjects of the study were students majoring in visual communication design who utilized ChatGPT and generative AI tools throughout the semester. The findings attest to the improvement in critical thinking capability in problem definition, conceptualization, and self-reflection. In addition, the study affirmatively confirms that use of AI guided by others—additive to formal learning structures—may enable students' autonomy and creative thinking without reducing their creativity. These results suggest that generative AI, as an adjunct incorporated curriculally in strategic ways, could act as a pedagogical catalyst for advancing students' ability to think higher-order. This present study is part of the new debate concerning AI education in two essential ways: first, by means of a model of efficient application of generative AI by morals-based models. Research in the future will have to consider long-term effects and cross-disciplinary usage to further pedagogical strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brian Otieno Ouma, Eliud Kamau Mwangi, adia Auma Okoth, Achieng Wanjiru Njeri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI-Enhanced Generative Motion Design for Interactive Digital Storytelling
The increasing demand for dynamic digital content has positioned motion graphics as a key medium in contemporary visual communication. However, conventional motion design workflows remain largely static and production-oriented, limiting their capacity to support adaptive and interactive storytelling. This study introduces an AI-enhanced generative motion design framework that integrates generative visual formation, temporal animation logic, and user-driven interaction within a unified system. The framework embeds generative AI directly into the motion design process, enabling visual elements to evolve continuously in response to contextual input and user interaction. A three-layer architecture, comprising generative, motion, and interaction components, is implemented in a functional prototype to support non-linear and responsive narrative structures. The system is evaluated through a combination of structured observation and user-oriented assessment, involving 8 participants with backgrounds in digital media and design. The results indicate that the proposed approach produces visually coherent yet evolving motion graphics while supporting real-time responsiveness to user input. Compared with conventional workflows, the framework demonstrates greater adaptability and variability without compromising narrative consistency. These findings highlight the potential of integrating generative processes with motion and interaction to support adaptive visual storytelling.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azed Yayah Durrotun Nihayah, Joseflim Marchel, Lawrence Henry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Generative AI as a Live Design Mentor: A Mixed-Reality Approach to Graphic Design Education
The transformation of graphic design education in the post-pandemic era has introduced new challenges in fostering meaningful visual interactions between students and AI-based technologies. This context calls for design approaches that are not only technically adaptive but also conceptually reflective. This study aims to explore and develop a visual approach to capture the creative engagement of design students in hybrid learning environments, specifically through prompt-based experimentation with AI-generated visuals. The research adopts a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology in a single-case study, involving iterative cycles of visual design, reflection, and evaluation. Data were collected through observation, design documentation, and narrative analysis of visual outputs. The findings reveal that AI prompt interventions encouraged a reinterpretation of the creative process, highlighting students' roles as active interpreters in shaping meaningful visuals. The project outcomes include a series of digital experimental visuals that symbolically and contextually represent human–AI interaction. This study concludes that designers must be positioned as meaning-makers within AI-assisted visual systems, and it opens possibilities for more inclusive and participatory design practices in the future. The implication is that graphic design can serve as a critical bridge between technology, human values, and ethical visual communication within the evolving landscape of digital learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Solikhan, Agus Priyadi, Don MacDonald, Avee Noramai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of AI-Driven Generative Design in Enhancing Visual Communication: A Computational Creativity Approach
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in graphic design has led to the emergence of generative design, a technique that automates and optimizes visual composition through computational creativity. This study explores the impact of AI-driven generative design on visual communication, focusing on its effectiveness in enhancing creativity, efficiency, and user engagement. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of AI-generated visual outputs with qualitative insights from professional designers. Experimental evaluations were conducted using AI-based design tools to generate branding materials, advertisements, and digital media assets, followed by comparative assessments with human-created designs. The findings reveal that AI-driven generative design significantly improves workflow efficiency by reducing design iteration time by 40% while maintaining high aesthetic appeal. Moreover, AI-enhanced visual communication demonstrates increased adaptability to diverse audience preferences, as evidenced by a 25% improvement in user engagement metrics. Despite these advantages, ethical concerns regarding originality and authorship remain key challenges in AI-assisted creative processes. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI integration in the creative industry by providing empirical evidence on the role of computational creativity in shaping the future of graphic design. The results suggest that AI-driven generative design can serve as a collaborative tool rather than a replacement for human designers, fostering innovation and efficiency in visual communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 McLeena McLeena, Jenn Laura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0