Ekologi Penuntutan pada Perkara Lingkungan Hidup: Pendekatan Socio-Legal Network Analysis

Abstract

Environmental law enforcement involves multiple actors whose formal authority does not necessarily correspond to their actual position in the flow of information, expertise, evidence, and coordination. This study examines the relational structure of environmental prosecution through a Socio-Legal Network Analysis (SLNA) framework that combines social, institutional, and legal network dimensions. A simulated case involving ten actors and twenty inter-actor relationships was used to demonstrate how degree centrality, betweenness centrality, network density, fragmentation, and trajectory analysis can identify strategic positions within a prosecution ecology. The results indicate that the public prosecutor occupies the highest degree centrality (0.778), whereas the environmental agency records the highest betweenness centrality (0.42), positioning it as a key broker between legal and technical networks. The network density of 0.444 indicates moderate connectivity, while the trajectory analysis demonstrates that network centrality shifts across investigation, prosecution, and trial stages. These findings suggest that environmental prosecution is not solely structured by formal institutional authority but also by relational dependence on actors controlling technical knowledge, environmental data, expertise, and evidentiary resources. The study contributes a socio-legal perspective that conceptualizes prosecution ecology as a relational process shaped by the interaction between authority and network position. Although the numerical findings are based on simulated data and therefore cannot be generalized empirically, the proposed SLNA framework provides a replicable analytical basis for examining multi-actor coordination and evidentiary dependencies in environmental law enforcement.