Transformasi Kejahatan Digital dan Tantangan Penegakan Hukum dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan dan Big Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51903/c6gm4503Keywords:
Digital Crime, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cybersecurity, AI FraudAbstract
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence and big data technologies has significantly transformed the landscape of digital crime, increasing both its scale and complexity. This study aims to analyze the evolving patterns of cybercrime and examine the gap between technological advancement and institutional readiness in addressing these threats. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using secondary data collected from global cybersecurity reports and relevant academic literature. The analysis was conducted through trend mapping and comparative interpretation to identify dominant crime types and their development patterns. The findings reveal that phishing remains the most prevalent form of cybercrime, accounting for approximately 38% of total incidents, followed by ransomware at 27% and data breaches at 21%. Meanwhile, AI-based fraud, although representing only 14%, exhibits the highest growth rate and complexity index, increasing by over 60% in recent years. The study also identifies a significant gap in law enforcement readiness, particularly in handling AI-driven crimes, which require advanced technical capabilities and longer investigation time. These results highlight that digital crime is evolving in a non-linear and exponential manner, driven by technological innovation and human vulnerability factors. The study contributes to the field of digital criminology by integrating crime trend analysis with institutional capacity perspectives. It emphasizes the need for adaptive policies, technological integration in law enforcement, and a multidisciplinary approach to effectively combat emerging cyber threats.
References
Adel, A., & Norouzifard, M. (2024). Weaponization of the Growing Cybercrimes inside the Dark Net: The Question of Detection and Application. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 8(8), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080091
Akhtar, Z. (2023). Deepfakes Generation and Detection: A Short Survey. Journal of Imaging, 9(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010018
Alorfi, A. S., & Alsaadi, N. (2025). Barriers to the Adoption of Big Data Analytics in Saudi Arabia’s Manufacturing Sector: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach. Systems, 13(4), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040250
Bailo, P., Sirignano, A., Nittari, G., Visconti, G., Pesel, G., Spasari, T., & Ricci, G. (2026). A Review of Crime at Machine Speed: Criminological Aspects of Artificial Intelligence’s Industrialisation of Deception. Sci, 8(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8030054
Bostan, I. (2025). Consolidating the Role of AI in the Economy and Society: Combating the Deepfake Phenomenon Through Strategic and Normative Approaches—The Case of Romania in the EU Context. Economies, 13(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13050129
Concha Salor, L., & Monzon Baeza, V. (2023). Harnessing the Potential of Emerging Technologies to Break down Barriers in Tactical Communications. Telecom, 4(4), 709–731. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom4040032
De Azambuja, A. J., Plesker, C., Schützer, K., Anderl, R., Schleich, B., & Almeida, V. R. (2023). Artificial Intelligence-Based Cyber Security in the Context of Industry 4.0—A Survey. Electronics, 12(8), 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081920
Fahmi Idris, M., Amalia Sari, F., Riskia Putri, N., & Diva Wulandari, Y. (2025). Deconstructing the Symbiosis of Power, Crime, and Law: A Study of Online Gambling in Indonesia through Routine Activities and Critical Legal Theory. Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 3(2), 925–937. https://doi.org/10.51903/NNGJAV51
Guillen-Aguinaga, M., Aguinaga-Ontoso, E., Guillen-Aguinaga, L., Guillen-Grima, F., & Aguinaga-Ontoso, I. (2025). Data Quality in the Age of AI: A Review of Governance, Ethics, and the FAIR Principles. Data, 10(12), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10120201
Haley, P. (2025). The Impact of Biometric Surveillance on Reducing Violent Crime: Strategies for Apprehending Criminals While Protecting the Innocent. Sensors, 25(10), 3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103160
Hukom, R., & Setiadi, M. H. (2025). Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Pola Kejahatan di Era Digital: Studi Kriminologi dengan Pendekatan Netnografi. Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 3(1), 750–768. https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v3i1.2353
Jain, V. K., Aggrawal, J., Dangi, R., Prasad Shukla, S. S., Yadav, A. K., & Choudhary, G. (2025). Unmasking the True Identity: Unveiling the Secrets of Virtual Private Networks and Proxies. Information, 16(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020126
Khan, A. A. (2024). Reconceptualizing Policing for Cybercrime: Perspectives from Singapore. Laws, 13(4), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13040044
Laksito, J., Idris, M. F., & Waryanto, A. (2024). Hak dan Kewajiban Negara dalam Mengatasi Kejahatan Lintas Batas di Era Digital: Pendekatan Analisis Normatif. Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial, 2(4), 774–790. https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v2i4.2154
Lee, E., & Lee, H. E. (2024). The Relationship between Cyber Violence and Cyber Sex Crimes: Understanding the Perception of Cyber Sex Crimes as Systemic Issues. Children, 11(6), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060682
Lee, S.-S., & Park, C. S. (2025). Gender Differences in Cyberstalking: The Roles of Risk, Control, and Opportunity Factors in Social Media. Behavioral Sciences, 15(5), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050566
Martineau, M., Spiridon, E., & Aiken, M. (2023). A Comprehensive Framework for Cyber Behavioral Analysis Based on a Systematic Review of Cyber Profiling Literature. Forensic Sciences, 3(3), 452–477. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3030032
Mukhamadieva, G. N., Zhanibekov, A. K., Apsimet, N. M., & Alimkulov, Y. T. (2025). Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Criminal Procedure Law and Practice in Kazakhstan. Laws, 14(6), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws14060098
Mushtaq, S., & Shah, M. (2025). Threats to the Digital Ecosystem: Can Information Security Management Frameworks, Guided by Criminological Literature, Effectively Prevent Cybercrime and Protect Public Data? Computers, 14(6), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060219
Okmi, M., Por, L. Y., Ang, T. F., Al-Hussein, W., & Ku, C. S. (2023). A Systematic Review of Mobile Phone Data in Crime Applications: A Coherent Taxonomy Based on Data Types and Analysis Perspectives, Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Sensors, 23(9), 4350. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094350
Ratul, M. H., Mollajafari, S., & Wynn, M. (2024). Managing Digital Evidence in Cybercrime: Efforts Towards a Sustainable Blockchain-Based Solution. Sustainability, 16(24), 10885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410885
Rughiniș, R., Bran, E., Stăiculescu, A. R., & Radovici, A. (2024). From Cybercrime to Digital Balance: How Human Development Shapes Digital Risk Cultures. Information, 15(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15010050
Saraiva, M., & Teixeira, B. (2023). Exploring the Spatial Relationship between Street Crime Events and the Distribution of Urban Greenspace: The Case of Porto, Portugal. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(12), 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12120492
Simisterra-Batallas, C., Pico-Valencia, P., Sayago-Heredia, J., & Quiñónez-Ku, X. (2025). Internet of Things and Deep Learning for Citizen Security: A Systematic Literature Review on Violence and Crime. Future Internet, 17(4), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17040159
Šramel, B., & Michal, S. (2025). From Liberty to Liability: EU Responses to the Abuse of Freedom of Expression Online. Social Sciences, 14(9), 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090557
Sritart, H., Miyazaki, H., Kanbara, S., & Taertulakarn, S. (2025). Geospatial Patterns of Property Crime in Thailand: A Socioeconomic Perspective for Sustainable Cities. Sustainability, 17(14), 6567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146567
Wang, S., Li, Y., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2024). Innovation Helps with Sustainable Business, Law, and Digital Technologies: Economic Development and Dispute Resolution. Sustainability, 16(10), 3910. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103910
Whisnant, A. W., & Dölken, L. (2026). Viruses, Vectors, and Villains: Governing the Risks and Rewards of Artificial Intelligence in Virology. AI, 7(3), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai7030093
Yofiza, Y., Limbong, I., Kholis, N., Ritonga, A. S., Panyalai, R. S., & Fahreza, R. M. (2025). Implementasi Pendekatan Follow the Money dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (TPPU) dari Sisi Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia. Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 3(1), 01–12. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v3i1.2274
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizal Dwi Kurniawan, Bagas Pratama Wicaksono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
6.png)
