Dinamika Kebijakan Publik dalam Perlindungan Data Pribadi dan Implikasinya terhadap Hak Sosial Masyarakat Digital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51903/6x6qed65Keywords:
Personal Data Protection, Public Policy Evaluation, Data Governance, Digital Society, Social RightsAbstract
The rapid expansion of digital technology has significantly transformed how data is collected, processed, and utilized, raising critical concerns regarding personal data protection and its implications for social rights in digital societies. In Indonesia, the accelerated growth of digital services has not always been accompanied by adequate data protection mechanisms, leading to increasing risks of privacy violations and data breaches. This study aims to evaluate the quality of public policy on personal data protection and to analyze its implications for the protection of social rights in the digital society. The research employs a mixed-method policy evaluation approach that integrates normative legal analysis with empirical assessment using a multidimensional scoring model. The evaluated dimensions include legal substance, transparency, accountability, implementation, enforcement, supervision, public participation, and social protection. The results show that legal substance achieved the highest score of 80, followed by transparency (72) and accountability (70), while implementation (65), enforcement (60), and supervision (58) indicate weaker performance. Gap analysis reveals significant discrepancies between ideal and actual conditions, particularly in supervision and enforcement. Furthermore, the distribution of social impact shows that vulnerable groups (58), children and adolescents (60), and the elderly (55) receive lower levels of protection compared to general users (72) and business actors (78). These findings indicate that policy effectiveness remains uneven due to limitations in institutional capacity and implementation, highlighting the need for more inclusive and balanced data protection governance.
References
Alkharafi, N., & Alsabah, M. (2025). Globalization: An Overview of Its Main Characteristics and Types, and an Exploration of Its Impacts on Individuals, Firms, and Nations. Economies, 13(4), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13040091
Asgarinia, H., Chomczyk Penedo, A., Esteves, B., & Lewis, D. (2023). “Who Should I Trust with My Data?” Ethical and Legal Challenges for Innovation in New Decentralized Data Management Technologies. Information, 14(7), 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070351
Bibri, S. E. (2022). The Social Shaping of the Metaverse as an Alternative to the Imaginaries of Data-Driven Smart Cities: A Study in Science, Technology, and Society. Smart Cities, 5(3), 832–874. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030043
Bibri, S. E., & Allam, Z. (2022). The Metaverse as a Virtual Form of Data-Driven Smart Urbanism: On Post-Pandemic Governance through the Prism of the Logic of Surveillance Capitalism. Smart Cities, 5(2), 715–727. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5020037
Bühler, M. M., Calzada, I., Cane, I., Jelinek, T., Kapoor, A., Mannan, M., Mehta, S., Mookerje, V., Nübel, K., Pentland, A., Scholz, T., Siddarth, D., Tait, J., Vaitla, B., & Zhu, J. (2023). Unlocking the Power of Digital Commons: Data Cooperatives as a Pathway for Data Sovereign, Innovative and Equitable Digital Communities. Digital, 3(3), 146–171. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3030011
Calzada, I. (2022). Citizens’ Data Privacy in China: The State of the Art of the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). Smart Cities, 5(3), 1129–1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030057
Cevallos-Salas, D., Estrada-Jiménez, J., & Guamán, D. S. (2025). Heuristic Techniques for Assessing Internet Privacy: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis. Technologies, 13(9), 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13090377
Deng, Z., Sumbal, Li, L., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2026). Inclusive and Sustainable Digital Technological Transformation, Legal Innovation in Marketing and Business Performance of China and the European Union. Sustainability, 18(5), 2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052523
Djatmiko, G. H., Sinaga, O., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). Digital Transformation and Social Inclusion in Public Services: A Qualitative Analysis of E-Government Adoption for Marginalized Communities in Sustainable Governance. Sustainability, 17(7), 2908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072908
Elkhatat, A., & Al-Muhtaseb, S. (2024). Climate Change and Energy Security: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Energy Policies in Advancing Environmental Sustainability. Energies, 17(13), 3179. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133179
Fabrègue, B. F. G., & Bogoni, A. (2023). Privacy and Security Concerns in the Smart City. Smart Cities, 6(1), 586–613. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010027
Fumagalli, A. (2025). Is Platform Capitalism Socially Sustainable? Sustainability, 17(15), 7071. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157071
Gupta, V. (2024). An Empirical Evaluation of a Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology Adoption Model from Entrepreneurs’ Perspectives. Systems, 12(3), 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030103
Jaime, F. J., Muñoz, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, F., & Jerez-Calero, A. (2023). Strengthening Privacy and Data Security in Biomedical Microelectromechanical Systems by IoT Communication Security and Protection in Smart Healthcare. Sensors, 23(21), 8944. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218944
Khalid, M. I., Ahmed, M., & Kim, J. (2023). Enhancing Data Protection in Dynamic Consent Management Systems: Formalizing Privacy and Security Definitions with Differential Privacy, Decentralization, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs. Sensors, 23(17), 7604. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177604
Kirchschlaeger, P. G. (2024). An International Data-Based Systems Agency IDA: Striving for a Peaceful, Sustainable, and Human Rights-Based Future. Philosophies, 9(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9030073
Kriswandaru, A. S., Pratiwi, B., Laksito, J., Ariani, W., & Sholikatun, S. (2024). Analisis Yuridis terhadap Penggunaan Teknologi Blockchain dalam Pengamanan Data Pribadi: Studi Kasus di Indonesia. Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 2(4), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v2i4.2225
Kriswandaru, A. S., Pratiwi, B., & Suwardi, S. (2024). Efektivitas Kebijakan Perlindungan Data Pribadi di Indonesia: Analisis Hukum Perdata dengan Pendekatan Studi Kasus. Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial, 2(4), 740–756. https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v2i4.2157
Kumar, Y., Marchena, J., Awlla, A. H., Li, J. J., & Abdalla, H. B. (2024). The AI-Powered Evolution of Big Data. Applied Sciences, 14(22), 10176. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210176
Nwankwo, I., Stauch, M., Radoglou-Grammatikis, P., Sarigiannidis, P., Lazaridis, G., Drosou, A., & Tzovaras, D. (2022). Data Protection and Cybersecurity Certification Activities and Schemes in the Energy Sector. Electronics, 11(6), 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060965
Pavaloaia, V.-D., Martin-Rojas, R., & Sulikowski, P. (2025). Advanced Research in Technology and Information Systems. Electronics, 14(8), 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081677
Pereira, C., Marto, A., Ribeiro, R., Gonçalves, A., Rodrigues, N., Rabadão, C., Costa, R. L., & Santos, L. (2025). Security and Privacy in Physical–Digital Environments: Trends and Opportunities. Future Internet, 17(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020083
Putra, R. K., Idris, M. F., & Widhiati, G. (2024). Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Era Big Data: Implikasi Hukum di Indonesia. Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 2(4), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v2i4.2260
Stahl, B. C. (2025). The Ethics of Data and Its Governance: A Discourse Theoretical Approach. Information, 16(6), 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060497
Stott, L., & Murphy, D. F. (2025). A Principles-Based Approach for Enabling Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration: Addressing the Elusive Quest for Sustainable Development Partnership Standards. Standards, 5(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/standards5030023
Sugg Herrera, D., Sepúlveda Viveros, D., Russo Namias, M., & Garrido, N. (2026). Structural Enablers of Rare Disease Treatment Coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean: Lessons from Emicizumab. Journal of Market Access & Health Policy, 14(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmahp14010013
Tian, Z., Zou, H., Yang, S., & Hou, Q. (2025). Research on Collaborative Governance of Cross-Domain Digital Innovation Ecosystems Based on Evolutionary Game Theory. Systems, 13(7), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070558
Vatamanu, A. F., & Tofan, M. (2025). Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Public Administration: Challenges and Vulnerabilities. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040149
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yoga Saputra Hidayat, Ilham Maulana Firdaus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
6.png)
