Penerapan Restorative Justice dalam Kasus Kekerasan Domestik di Indonesia: Studi Empiris di Wilayah Perkotaan dan Pedesaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v2i4.2194Keywords:
Restorative Justice, Kekerasan Domestik , Penerimaan MasyarakatAbstract
Domestic violence is a critical issue affecting many individuals and families in Indonesia, with varied impacts across urban and rural areas. This study examines the implementation of the Restorative Justice approach in resolving domestic violence cases in these contexts and identifies factors influencing its effectiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis through surveys and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. Data were collected from 300 respondents, including victims, offenders, and mediators, from urban and rural settings, alongside interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal significant differences in acceptance and satisfaction with Restorative Justice processes between urban and rural populations. In urban areas, higher legal awareness and access to trained mediators contribute to a 70% satisfaction rate, reflecting better participation and understanding of the process. In contrast, rural areas exhibit a lower satisfaction rate of 50%, hindered by cultural norms, limited legal knowledge, and a shortage of qualified mediators. Despite these challenges, Restorative Justice shows promise in addressing domestic violence by fostering dialogue, accountability, and reconciliation, emphasizing victim empowerment and offender rehabilitation. This study underscores the necessity of adapting Restorative Justice practices to local socio-cultural contexts to enhance effectiveness. Recommendations include developing tailored mediator training programs, increasing public awareness, and integrating community leaders into the process to build trust and legitimacy. The research contributes to the discourse on legal reform by highlighting the potential of Restorative Justice to create a more inclusive, responsive, and sustainable mechanism for resolving domestic violence cases in Indonesia. These findings are pivotal for policymakers in designing adaptive strategies to bridge the urban-rural divide and strengthen the justice system.
References
Banwell-Moore, R. (2024). Restorative Justice: Adopting a Whole System Approach to Address Cultural Barriers in Criminal Justice. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 24(5), 1028–1046. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005
Campbell, J. K., Nicolla, S., Weissman, D. M., & Moracco, K. E. (2024). The Uptake and Measurement of Alternative Approaches to Domestic Violence Intervention Programs: A Scoping Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 25(4), 3269–3284. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380241244398
Choate, P., & Tortorelli, C. (2022). Attachment Theory: A Barrier for Indigenous Children Involved with Child Protection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148754
Diver, S., Oberholzer Dent, J. R., Sarna-Wojcicki, D., Reed, R., & Dill-De Sa, C. (2024). Recasting Klamath Dam Removal as Eco-Cultural Revitalization and Restorative Justice through Karuk Tribal Leadership. Water, 16(16), 2295. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162295
Ezema, J., Diaz, F. J. M., Jaca, M. L. M., & Euwema, M. (2023). Pray for Improvement: Experiences with Mediation of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. Pastoral Psychology, 72(5), 625–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-023-01101-y
Ferrari, A., Bacco, M., Gaber, K., Jedlitschka, A., Hess, S., Kaipainen, J., Koltsida, P., Toli, E., & Brunori, G. (2022). Drivers, Barriers and Impacts of Digitalisation in Rural Areas from the Viewpoint of Experts. Information and Software Technology, 145(11), 106816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106816
Firdaus, F., & Wulandari, R. A. (2023). Implications of Low Women’s Representation: Strategies and Challenges Towards Gender Equality in Indonesian Politics. Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society, 5(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v5i2.383
Gugule, H., & Mesra, R. (2022). Critical Analysis of the Implementation of the Restorative Justice System in the Indonesian Legal System. Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 8(3), 1071. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i3.956
Kimbrell, C. S., Wilson, D. B., & Olaghere, A. (2023). Restorative Justice Programs and Practices in Juvenile Justice: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Effectiveness. Criminology & Public Policy, 22(1), 161–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12613
Kirkwood, S. (2022). A Practice Framework for Restorative Justice. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 63, 101688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101688
Kulkarni, S. J., & Notario, H. (2024). Trapped in Housing Insecurity: Socioecological Barriers to Housing Access Experienced by Intimate Partner Violence Survivors from Marginalized Communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 52(3), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23052
Li, M. (2023). Adapting Legal Education for the Changing Landscape of Regional Emerging Economies: A Dynamic Framework for Law Majors. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 10227–10256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01507-2
Lodi, E., Perrella, L., Lepri, G. L., Scarpa, M. L., & Patrizi, P. (2021). Use of Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices at School: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010096
Martinez, A., Villegas, L., Hassoun Ayoub, L., Jensen, E., & Miller, M. (2022). Restorative Justice and School-wide Transformation: Identifying Drivers of Implementation and System Change. Journal of School Violence, 21(2), 190–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2022.2039682
Nambiar, D., Benny, G., & Sankar D, H. (2022). Bargaining with Patriarchy Through the Life Course: Obstacles Faced (and Overcome) by Women Leaders in Kerala’s Health Sector. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01744-y
Nascimento, A. M., Andrade, J., & de Castro Rodrigues, A. (2023). The Psychological Impact of Restorative Justice Practices on Victims of Crimes-a Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 24(3), 1929–1947. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221082085
Navarro-Valverde, F., Labianca, M., Cejudo-García, E., & De Rubertis, S. (2022). Social Innovation in Rural Areas of the European Union Learnings from Neo-Endogenous Development Projects in Italy and Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116439
Öztürk, C. (2022). Revisiting the Islam-Patriarchy Nexus: Is Religious Fundamentalism the Central Cultural Barrier to Gender Equality? Zeitschrift Für Religion, Gesellschaft Und Politik, 7(1), 173–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-022-00130-3
Rabaan, H., & Dombrowski, L. (2023). Survivor-Centered Transformative Justice: An Approach to Designing Alongside Domestic Violence Stakeholders in US Muslim Communities. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 296, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580648
Saputra, W., Murtadlo, M. A., & Haider, A. (2024). Challenges in Upholding Women’s Post-Divorce Rights: Experiences From Legal Practitioners in the Mataraman Region, East Java. Al-Hukama’: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law, 14(1), 46–73. https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2024.14.1.46-73
Stahl, G., Schulz, S., Baak, M., & Adams, B. (2024). “You Fight Your Battles and You Work Out How You’re Going to Change”: The Implementation, Embedding and Limits of Restorative Practices in an Australian Rural Community School. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 52(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2023.2228215
Suciyani, S., Ariyani, E., Masrukhin, M., Dona, F., & Farkhan, F. (2023). Unraveling Conflict: Implementation of a Criminal Case Resolution Model With a Restorative Justice Approach in Sukoharjo. Jurnal Mediasas: Media Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 6(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.58824/mediasas.v6i2.125
Susanto, E., & Andini, M. (2023). The Role of Mediation in Resolving Divorce Cases Due to Physical Incapacity in Indonesian Sharia Courts: Banda Aceh Case Study. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law, 6(2), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijil.v6i2.2014
Valerio, E., Hilmiati, N., Prior, J., & Panjaitan, T. (2024). Steering the Herd or Missing the Mark? Navigating the Role of Research for Development Projects as Innovation Intermediaries in the Indonesian Cattle Sector. Agricultural Systems, 214, 103843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103843
Wahyudhi, D., Rahayu, S., Sudarti, E., & Liyus, H. (2024). Restorative Justice Approach as an Alternative Criminal Case Resolution in Realizing Effective and Efficient Justice. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, 8(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v8i1.30038
