Digital Vigilantism sebagai Manifestasi Living Law Modern: Studi Sosiologi Hukum terhadap Sanksi Sosial Netizen di Indonesia

Upik  Mutiara; Tanto  Purwanto; Primandha  Anggoro; Ahmad Ahmad; Achmad  Faiz

doi:10.51903/5dtz3a32

Authors

Upik Mutiara Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-917X
Tanto Purwanto Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia
Primandha Anggoro Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia
Ahmad Ahmad Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia
Achmad Faiz Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2208-9434

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51903/5dtz3a32

Keywords:

Digital Vigilantism , Cyber Living Law, Cancel Culture , Legal Sociology , Cyber Space

Abstract

Digitalization in Indonesia has fundamentally shifted social interactions from physical domains into cyberspace, creating a complex legal phenomenon where netizens act as informal law enforcers through viral social pressure ("No Viral, No Justice"). This study aims to analyze the sociological emergence of digital vigilantism from a sociological jurisprudence perspective. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA protocol, this research transparently screened 125 initial records from the Sinta database, yielding a final sample of 10 representative peer-reviewed articles published within a strict chronological boundary of 2021–2025. The results indicate that digital vigilantism is a functional manifestation of "Cyber Living Law"—an unwritten normative system driven by virtual community consensus to address the perceived stagnancy of formal law enforcement. Culturally, online public shaming behaves as a contemporary, non-physical adaptation of traditional customary sanctions. However, this study underscores a rigid normative demarcation between sociological legitimacy and formal legality: activities such as doxing and public shaming remain dogmatically non-permissible acts that violate written positive law (KUHP and the ITE Law). This paper concludes that Cyber Living Law must not be co-opted to legitimize cyber-anarchy; instead, it should be accommodated through future criminal policy reforms that incorporate cyber restorative justice mechanisms to harmonize public substantive justice with state legal certainty while preserving judicial independence from the pressure of virtual crowds.

References

Amadeus Jaya Mahendra, A., Abd Rohim, M., & Putri Anggraini, R. (2026). Legalitas Perampasan Aset Illicit Enrichment: Analisis Kekosongan Hukum Dalam Undang – Undang Tipikor. Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 4(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.51903/MKH07X35

Astuti, R. (2025). Dekonstruksi Teori Eugen Ehrlich: Menakar Eksistensi “Cyber Living Law” dalam Masyarakat Digital Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 32(1), 45–68.

Bani, B., & Nufninu, N. G. (2026). Hak Anak di Atas Kertas: Kegagalan Negara dalam Pemenuhan Pendidikan Dasar di Wilayah 3T: Analisis Sosiologi Hukum (Studi Kasus di Sumba). Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 4(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.51903/DX40J373

Barkatullah, A. H. (2023). Teori Sosiologi Hukum Modern: Konstruksi Hukum yang Hidup di Era Algoritma. Nusa Media.

Cahyadi, I. (2023). Pluralisme Hukum Baru: Interaksi Antara Hukum Negara, Hukum Adat, dan Norma Komunitas Digital. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(2), 210–235.

Fadillah, M. (2023). Cancel Culture di Media Sosial Sebagai Sanksi Adat Modern: Studi Kasus Pelanggaran Moral Publik di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 12(1), 89–104.

Gozali, A. (2025). Doxing and Public Shaming: The Evolution of Social Control in the Indonesian Cyber Space. Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1), 2341–2355.

Hidayat, T. (2025). Urgensi Pengaturan Hukum Terhadap Praktik Trial by the Press dan Trial by Netizen di Indonesia. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, 14(2), 175–190.

Ibrahim, A. (2026). Penerapan Restorative Justice terhadap Tindakan Penghakiman Digital (Digital Vigilantism) Berbasis Norma Masyarakat. Jurnal Restorative Justice, 4(1), 15–32.

Juliansyah, F. (2024). Penegakan Asas Legalitas Menghadapi Tekanan Massa Virtual (The Pressure of Virtual Crowd) dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 13(3), 410–430.

Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. EBSE Technical Report, 1(1), 1–57.

Lestari, D. A. (2025). Sanksi Sosial Virtual dalam Ekosistem Siber: Perspektif Hukum dan Perilaku Masyarakat Digital. Jurnal Sosiologi Hukum Kontemporer, 7(2), 89–104.

Nuranisa, F. (2025). Analisis Gerakan “No Viral, No Justice” Sebagai Struktur Sosial Pengonstruksi Kebijakan Penegakan Hukum. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 11(1), 56–73.

Pratama, A. (2024). Fenomena “Viral for Justice” Sebagai Bentuk Penegakan Hukum Alternatif Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 5(2), 112–129.

Setiawan, B. (2025). Digital Vigilantism di Indonesia: Antara Keadilan Substantif Netizen dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 54(3), 301–315.

Sitompul, A. R., & Dalimunteh, N. A. (2025). The Transformation of Social Norms and Legal Adaptation in Responding to the Phenomenon of Digital Bullying Among Urban Adolescents. Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial, 3(3), 1319–1330. https://doi.org/10.51903/6V05V805

Wibowo, A. (2023). Hukum Pemerintah Daerah dan Relevansi Living Law Siber di Era Otonomi. Jurnal Hukum Pemerintahan, 9(2), 142–158.