Efektivitas Pengawasan Keimigrasian dalam Pencegahan Migrasi Non-Prosedural sebagai Modus Perdagangan Orang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51903/p4s5xm85Keywords:
Non-procedural migration , Immigration supervision , Trafficking in persons , Migrant worker protection , Border controlAbstract
Human trafficking through non-procedural Indonesian migrant worker placement remains a persistent transnational crime. In 2024, Indonesian National Police recorded 843 trafficking cases involving 2,179 victims, while the first quarter of 2025 registered 609 cases involving 1,503 victims. Immigration authorities play a strategic preventive role through passport screening, departure inspection, and post-departure monitoring. This study examines the normative adequacy and coherence of immigration supervision regulations in preventing non-procedural labour migration associated with trafficking in persons. Employing a normative-juridical approach, the research analyses Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law Number 21 of 2007 on Trafficking in Persons, and Law Number 18 of 2017 on Migrant Worker Protection, supported by academic literature, immigration circulars, and official reports. Legal materials are examined through prescriptive-qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that passport suspension and departure deferral mechanisms provide preventive safeguards against trafficking. However, regulatory and operational challenges persist, including insufficient behavioural profiling capacity, fragmented inter-agency data integration, and unofficial border crossings. These limitations highlight the need for stronger coordination and coherent supervision across migration stages. This study contributes to immigration law scholarship by conceptualising immigration supervision as a preventive legal instrument rather than merely an administrative or repressive mechanism. It recommends strengthening immigration checkpoint procedures, improving inter-agency information integration, and establishing coordinated supervision mechanisms to enhance the normative framework for preventing trafficking involving Indonesian migrant workers.
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